Types of wells depending on depth, methods of digging and material of manufacture

A well is a hydraulic structure that looks like a vertical shaft. It is buried in the ground to groundwater. Special rings are used to prevent erosion of the shaft. The main task when digging a well is not only detecting an underground source, but also determining the optimal materials, method and depth of digging. A review of the main types of wells allows you to determine the best way to organize water supply in a particular case.

Well depth

Comparison of wells in the first place must begin with their depth. On this basis, they can be divided into the following types:

Small. The depth of the well is only 2-4 rings. It is used for shallow groundwater flow.
Medium. Depth is from 5 to 9 rings. The most common depth.
Deep. Such wells are dug to a depth of over 10 rings.

The height of one concrete ring for a well is 70-90 cm.

Basic classification of wells

There is a catalog of the main types of well devices that differ in construction technology. Violation of the norms for the construction of hydraulic structures can lead to the rapid destruction of the well or the presence of undesirable impurities in the water, so it is necessary to consider all options and choose the optimal type of well in each case. The main types:

Key well. The main condition in the digging of such a well is the presence of an underground source on the surface. After which a small platform is prepared, and at the place where the water exits to the surface, a small depression is made of concrete or wood. A drain hole is equipped to drain excess water, and a tank for storing water is also installed. The bottom is covered with rubble, and the site is concreted to prevent destruction.
Tubular well. It is used only if the depth of groundwater is not more than eight meters. To dig a well, a special pipe with a tip or a drilling rig is used. Then the water enters the surface using a pump.
Mine well. If there are rocky rocks between the ground and water that can make it difficult to drill, it is recommended to make a mine well. He digs manually or using special equipment. Its shaft has a diameter of about a meter. Its depth can reach 25 meters.

Most often, mine type wells are used, which are a foundation pit with fortified walls. Their advantage is the preservation of water reserves and their replenishment in a natural way.

Materials for wells

Wells also differ in the material from which their shaft is made. In this case, the following materials are used:

Wooden blockhouse. This material has long been used for well shafts. However, not all wood species can be used to decorate the mine.The lower part that comes in contact with water must be made from alder, oak or elm. These types of wood are less susceptible to decay and do not change the taste of water. However, so that the oak does not give the water a bitter taste, it is preliminarily stained. For the manufacture of the upper part of the mine, as well as the head of the well, you can use cheaper wood species.
Masonry. Used in regions where wood is scarce. The main disadvantage of masonry is the difficulty of laying mines using this material. For the decoration of the mine, it is recommended to use rubble, dolomite or granite stone, which is bound with cement mortar. Sandstone, limestone or other porous stone is not recommended.
Brick mine. Bricks are laid in a certain pattern, which makes the masonry strong and reliable. To give the shaft a rounded shape, a stabilizing profile is used. It is recommended to make brickwork on a support frame, which prevents the destruction of the mine.
Concrete rings. This option is inexpensive and easy to install. They can have a diameter of 80 to 150 cm, and a height of 70-90 cm. They are installed end-to-end and fixed using special brackets and screws.

The upper part of the well is primarily a decorative element, however, it performs the function of protecting against debris and precipitation entering the well. Choosing the best type of well during construction is possible only with the help of experienced specialists. They will help to break the well to the desired depth, overlay the mines and guarantee high quality water.